Kingdom of kandy & Portuguese - මහනුවර රාජධානිය සහ පෘතුගීසින්
Sri Lanka has a proud history. According to the Mahavamsa, Sri Lanka was ruled by eight major kingdoms and numerous local kingdoms. The monarchy that began in the Kingdom of Anuradhapura and ended in the Kingdom of Kandy, the last kingdom of the Sinhalese. The Kingdom of Kandy is the second longest living kingdom after the Kingdom of Anuradhapura.
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Beginning of the Kingdom of Kandy
The kingdom of Kandy dates back to the reign of King 'Parakramabahu VI' of Kotte. The prince suppressed the rebellion and was annexed back to the kingdom of Kotte, Kandy. In 1462 AD, Kandy became a regional state for the first time on the day of 'King Sammatha Wickramabahu'.
Other names for the Kingdom of Kandy
- kanda udarata - කන්ද උඩරට
- Senkadagala - සෙන්කඩගල
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Kings of the kingdom of Kandy
1.king sena sammatha wikramabahu (1472-1511)
The first king of the Kingdom was King Sena Sammatha Vikramabahu . He was the first to establish the Kingdom of Kandy as a regional state.He drew his attention to the Kingdom of Kandy as it was a very safe place and the land route connecting the Port of Trincomalee and the Port of Colombo was across the Kingdom of Kandy, making it easier and safer to deal with foreign nations.The kingdom of Kandy, which was founded by King Vikramabahu, was transformed into a large kingdom..........
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King Wimaladharmasuriya I can be considered as the greatest ruler in the history of the Kandy Kingdom. His father was Weerasundara Bandara and he ruled over Kandy under King Seethawaka Rajasinghe as he supported King Seethawaka Rajasinghe in conquering the kingdom of Kandy.
However, as he became popular among the people as the new ruler of the Kandyan kingdom, King Seethawaka Rajasinghe conspired to assassinate Weerasundara Bandara, thinking that this would be a threat to him in the future. Weerasundara Bandara's son Konappu Bandara, who thought this was a threat to his life, sought refuge with the Portuguese to save his life. Karalliyadde Bandara, who was currently reigning as Jayaweera Bandara II, lived with his family in Portuguese custody and was baptized by his daughter, Goddess Kusumasana, as Dona Katharina. Karalliyadde Bandara also brought his son-in-law to the Portuguese, although his name was Yamasinghe Bandara and he was baptized as Don Philip of Austria. In this way Konappu Bandara also had to change his name and become Don Juan of Austria.
These princes and princesses, who were brought up in this way, lived like the Portuguese, learning their culture in the company of the Portuguese. But Konappu Bandara's sole aim was to identify with the Portuguese and face them one day. When he was with the Portuguese he made sure not to pose a threat to the Portuguese. Legend has it that he studied the Portuguese methods of warfare well and that there was no one in the island who could defeat him in battle. He was once taken to India by the Portuguese, where he caused a confrontation and surprised everyone who came to fight with him, thus giving him a high rank in the Portuguese army.
As the Portuguese wanted to conquer the kingdom of Kandy, they planned to marry Princess Kusumasana Devi, the true heir to the throne, to Yamasinghe Bandara. The Portuguese sent an army with Yamasinghe Bandara to the Kingdom of Kandy and made him king in the name of Don Juan. But as a ploy, they kept Princess Kusumasana in the Portuguese camp. Taking advantage of this, Konappu Bandara went to the Kingdom of Kandy with Yamasinghe Bandara. A few days later, Konappu Bandara poisoned and killed the king with the help of the nobles.He removed his baptized name. He later became a Buddhist again and became king under the name of Wimaladharmasuriya. Therefore, the Portuguese came to the kingdom with the real heir, Princess Kusumasana Devi, claiming that Wimaladharmasuriya was a traitor. They came with a large army to subdue the king.The king looked at this and was ready for it. The king wanted to legally become the real king. He had to marry Princess Kusumasana. The princess who came with the Portuguese army was abducted by the king and attacked the Portuguese army at 'Danture'. Even the Portuguese leader Poro Lopez de Souza, who led the battle, was killed.This was a severe defeat for the Portuguese in an eastern country
In this way the king won the first battle after the kingdom of Kandy came to power.The king then turned his attention to King Rajasinghe of Seethawaka. King Wimaladharmasuriya declares war on King Seethawaka Rajasinghe over the inhuman killing of his father. King Wimaladharmasuriya defeated King Rajasinghe of Seethawaka in the battle with Seethawaka Rajasinghe.after seethavaka rajasinghe fled. While fleeing, he had gone to rest in a park in Pethangoda and a thorn in the side of a bamboo tree had pierced his body. As a result, he contracted a high fever and died.
King Wimaladharmasuriya was re-invaded by the Portuguese under the command of Captain Asevedu. Here too King Wimaladharmasuriya was victorious but by that time the king was in a critical condition due to an epidemic. The king soon fell ill and died. Later the king's brother married Princess Kusumasana Devi and became the ruler of the kingdom.his name is king senarath.
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King Senarath was the brother of King Wimaladharmasuriya. After the death of King Wimaladharmasuriya, Prince Senarath became the king. He was not as talented as King.Wimaladharmasuriya. Taking advantage of the weakness of the king's rule, the Portuguese tried to recapture the kingdom of Kandy.
But despite several attempts, the Portuguese largely failed because of the natural defenses of the kingdom and the king taking advantage of it Therefore, after 1620 AD, the Portuguese made a treaty with the kingHowever, in 1630, the Portuguese invaded Kandy again, and King Senarath's son, Prince Maha Asthana, fought against the invasion. The Portuguese were led by Constantine de Sa. This is known as the Battle of Randeniwela. The Portuguese were severely defeated in this battle.
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| (1.6 king deweni rajasinghe- An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon <robert noks>) |
He was one of the great rulers of the Kandyan period. He was the son of King Senarath and before he became king he was known as "Maha Asthana" Prince. He led the repression of the Portuguese during the reign of King Senarath.
After he became king, he fought with the Portuguese on many occasions. He led the Battle of Gannoruwa, the last battle between the Portuguese and the Sinhalese. Captain Diogo de Melo led the Portuguese army. This battle was also won by the Sinhalese. The Sinhalese won all the major battles with the Portuguese in the history of Ceylon.
King Rajasinghe wanted to expel the Portuguese from the country. King Rajasinghe realized that he could not fight on land alone and drive out the Portuguese. It needed the help of another foreign nation.By this time another foreign nation with naval power capable of colliding with the Portuguese had arrived in the East from Europe. They were Dutch.The king somehow established relations with the Dutch and they were willing to assist the king. For this they expected war expenses and other privileges from the king. To this end, the king signed a treaty with the Dutch. All territories occupied by the treaty were ceded to the king, and some of those territories were to be ceded to the Dutch for trade at the king's discretion. However, this phrase was not in the Dutch treaty and was only in the Sinhala treaty. The Dutch used this ploy to seize the coastal areas of the country. The battle began at the Trincomalee fort and ended with the successive conquest of all the Portuguese forts, and finally the Colombo and Galle forts. The Dutch subsequently offered the king a considerable amount, but the Dutch refused to give the coastal areas to the king. The Dutch forcibly stopped in those coastal areas.In folklore, this event is often described as "giving ginger and taking chili".
However, this was an important victory in the history of Ceylon during the Kandy Kingdom. The king thereafter ceased all friendly relations with the Dutch and in many cases subjected the Dutch to various forms of persecution. Later, the Dutch sent various gifts to the king, who were friendly with the king, pretending to be his subordinates.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandyan_period
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Vikrama_Rajasinha_of_Kandy
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